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NeuroInterests: Serotonin and CNS

Offering information on research into the human mind, new therapies such as neurofeedback, and brainwave entrainment.

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•	Toxoplasmosis: A Silent Opportunistic Disease in HIV/AIDS Patients
	A total of 693 HIV/AIDS patients were recruited in this retrospective and descriptive study during April 2003 to December 2004, Hospital Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. It was found that both genders were shown to be within the same range of age (M = 18-79 vs F = 18-73), while a median age was slightly higher in male (36 years) than female (31 years). The majority of both genders were significantly shown in the age group of 25 to 34 years, but a higher rate was evident in females (42%) (p = 0.001). It was even observed that male patients were mainly Chinese (44.7%) and single (57.3%) (p = 0.001), while the females were Chinese (40.6) and married (83.3%) (p = 0.000). However, the highest numbers of both genders were manifested to be heterosexuals (M = 47.6% vs F = 86.2%), followed by intravenous drug users (M = 39.3% vs F = 6.5%) (p = 0.000). The range of CD4 cell count was 0 to 1799 with a median of 230 cells/mm³. The level of CD4 cell count of < 200 cells/mm³ was significantly found in males (48.5%) and between 200 to 499 and =>500 cells/mm³ were 36.2 and 26.8% in females, respectively (p = 0.001). Overall, the Toxoplasma seroprevalence was 43.85% where seropositive of anti-Toxoplasma antibody relatively higher in males (50%) than in females (37.7%) (p = 0.015). Toxoplasma seropositivity was thoroughly evident among Malays (168; 51.1%), Intravenous Drug Users (IDUs) and patients with toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE) (p = 0.001). Furthermore, anti-retroviral therapy including HAART was more significantly found in patients with 9 seropositive Toxoplasma when compared to 2 seronegative and unknown serostatus patients (p = 0.025). Seventeen AIDS-related toxoplasmic encephalitis patients were diagnosed at the time of this study, depicting hemiparesis as the most common neurological manifestation in 11 (64.7%) patients, followed by headache and seizure in 6 (35.3%) and 3 (17.7%) patients, respectively. Interestingly, CT scan finding showed mass like structure with multiple (58.8%), ring enhancing lesions (100%), in parietal region (58.8%) and edema (29.4%) in these patients. Overall, the treatment outcome showed that 13 (76.5%) patients had completed treatment with maintenance, whereas, 3 (17.6%) patients were lost to follow up and 1 (6%) patient was transferred to another hospital. No relapse or death case was reported during the time of this study.
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•	As sticky as a gecko... but 10 times stronger!
	The gecko's amazing ability to stick to surfaces and walk up walls has inspired many researchers to manufacture materials that mimic the special surface of a gecko's foot. The secret behind the gecko's ability to stick so well is a forest of pillars at the micro-/nano-scale on the underside of the gecko's foot. Because there are so many pillars so close together, they are held tightly to the surface the gecko is walking on by a molecular force called the Van der Waals force. This relatively weak force causes uncharged molecules to attract each other.
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•	Ophthalmology Instruments
	A website dedicated to Ophthalmology Instruments. Get the latest articles, news and information updates on Ophthalmology Instruments from Ophthalmology Instruments.
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•	The Really good Stuff is on the left (Knoxville News Sentinel), 7/28)
	Concrete is concrete, right? Oh, no, no, no. When constructing the Spallation Neutron Source, the Oak Ridge folks imported some really special aggregate materials from Brazil to make the concrete walls super protective in high-rad areas of the Target Building. And it wasn't cheap, either. Frank Kornegay, operations manager at SNS, said the heavy-duty concrete with aggregate from Brazil cost about $1,200 per cubic yard delivered at the time of the construction. That compared with $59 a yard for the regular stuff, he said.It's a good thing that SNS was built when it was. The high-density concrete now costs about $1,800 per cubic yard, Kornegay said. During a visit to the earlier this year, yours truly got a chance to check out monolith samples of the two types of concrete (see above photo). The rosy one on the left weighs almost twice at much as the one on the right. It's a pretty dramatic difference.
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•	Biomedical Calculations: Principles and Practice
	Biomedical Calculations: Principles and Practice is an accessible, student-friendly introduction to calculating, applying formulae and solving quantitative problems within these subjects This book targets a problem area for many students and aims to give them the confidence which they are so often...
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